Study Tips and Notes: Penicillamine can also be used to treat Wilson’s Disease, which is too much copper in the body. Memory Trick: Think of a “Copper Penny” which will help you remember Penicillamine Study Tips and Notes: Iron toxicity is often caused by iron supplements or multivitamins, which can look like candy to children. Memory Trick: Use the symbol for Iron on the periodic table, which is “Fe”, to remember De feroxamine The ocular symptoms with digoxin toxicity are often described as “yellow-green halos” or discoloration. Digoxin toxicity can also cause ocular symptoms that are commonly tested on nursing and board exams. You may know Digoxin Immune Fab by the brand names DigiFab or Digibind. Study Tips and Notes: Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart failure, arrhythmias, among other indications. Memory Trick: Use the “D-I-G” to remember Digoxin and Digoxin Immune Fab, DigiFab, or Digibind Study Tips and Notes: Benzodiazepines are a class of medications used to treat anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, among other indications.Ĭaution: It can be easy to confuse fomepizole and flumazenil since they both start with “F” and contain several similar letters, so hopefully the tricks above will help you remember them. Memory Trick: Benzodi azepines and Flum azenil both contain “A-Z-E” When an exam asks a question about methanol toxicity, there is usually ocular symptoms described such as blurry vision, decreased visual acuity, photophobia, or “halo vision”. Methanol toxicity can cause ocular symptoms. So when you see antifreeze, car wash fluids, de-icing products, or vehicle brake fluids in a question stem, then think potentially ethylene glycol involvement. Study Tips and Notes: Board exams often use antifreeze or car wash fluids as the source of ethylene glycol. Memory Trick: Ethylene Glyc ol, Methan ol, and Fomepiz ole all rhyme and contain “O-L” This may include atropine, high-dose insulin with glucagon, calcium, fluids, vasopressors, and ECMO to name a few. Glucagon is commonly tested as the antidote for beta blockers, but there are other treatment options as well. Study Tips and Notes: Beta blockers are a class of medications commonly used to treat hypertension, arrhythmias, heart failure, among other indications. The “BB” stands for Beta Blockers and the “Gun” will help you remember Glucagon See below!īonus Trick: Use the “N-A-R” to remember Narcotics and Narcanīonus Trick: You can also use the long “O” in Nalox one to remember Opioids One common brand name for naloxone is Narcan, which you can use as a trick as well. You may also hear opioids informally referred to as narcotics. Study Tips and Notes: Opioids are medications prescribed to treat severe pain. Memory Trick: Use the “N-A” to remember Narcotics and Naloxone This will also help you remember Tylenol! Other over the counter and prescription medications may contain acetaminophen as well.īonus Trick: Look at the next 3 letters in Ace tylcysteine after the “A-C-E”. Study Tips and Notes: Acetaminophen is available under the brand name Tylenol. Memory Trick: Both Acetaminophen and Acetylcysteine start with “A-C-E” **A quick reminder to follow protocols and involve poison control centers and/or toxicology clinics to assist with care if necessary. **Scroll to the bottom to view the charts! Let’s walk through common antidotes and their memory tricks below! Magnesium Sulfate Paste BP (KL Pharmaceutical Limited). Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate Injection, Solution (Fresenius Kabi Norge AS). Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate Injection, Solution (Baxter Healthcare Corporation). Magnesium Sulfate for Solution (Hospira, Inc.). Magnesium Sulfate 20% w/v Injection (Aurum Pharmaceuticals Ltd). Magnesium Sulfate 1g/10ml Solution for Injection (Macarthys Laboratories Ltd). Epsom Salt Granule for Solution (CVS Pharmacy). Epsom Salt Granule (Equate Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.). Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. Plasma protein-binding: 30%, to albumin.Įxcretion: Via urine (as magnesium) faeces (as unabsorbed drug).Īnon. Laxative: 0.5-6 hours (oral).ĭuration: Anticonvulsant: 3-4 hours (IM) 30 minutes (IV).Ībsorption: Slowly and poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (approx one-third is absorbed from the small intestine).ĭistribution: Distributed to bones and extracellular fluids. Onset: Anticonvulsant: 1 hour (IM) Immediate (IV).
It also acts on the myocardium by decreasing the rate of SA node impulse formation and prolonging the conduction time. When administered parenterally, it decreases levels of acetylcholine in motor nerve terminals.
Magnesium sulfate when taken orally increases peristaltic activity by causing osmotic retention of fluids, thus resulting in bowel evacuation. It plays an important role in neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability. Description: Magnesium is an important cofactor for enzymatic reactions.
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